Thalassemia, a genetic blood disorder, presents a significant healthcare burden worldwide, particularly in regions like India. This article provides an in-depth analysis of thalassemia in India, examining its features, public perception, and medical approaches. Through a comprehensive review, the study elucidates the epidemiological aspects, genetic predisposition, clinical manifestations, and socioeconomic impacts of thalassemia in the Indian population. Furthermore, the article explores public awareness and perception of thalassemia, shedding light on prevailing misconceptions, stigmas, and barriers to prevention and treatment. Additionally, the review outlines existing medical approaches for thalassemia management in India, including blood transfusion therapy, iron chelation therapy, and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. By integrating diverse perspectives from healthcare professionals, patients, and policymakers, this article aims to inform strategies for improving thalassemia prevention, diagnosis, and treatment in India.